RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The Roma population in Spain makes up about two percent of the population and has worse health indicators than the general population. We analyzed both populations in 2006 and 2014 to discover whether there are differences in terms of gynecological visits and preventive services for breast and cervical cancer in Spain. METHODS: Cross-sectional study is based on the Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS) of 2006 and 2012 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population (NHSRP) of 2006 and 2014. RESULTS: Roma women used gynecological visits less than the general population in 2006 (ORa 0.5 [0.4; 0.6] and in 2014 (ORa 0.2 [0.2; 0.3)]. In addition, use of the mammogram was lower in Roma women (ORa 0.7 [0.6; 0.8]), especially in the ages of the screening tests, and they had lower probability of receiving cervical examinations in 2006 (ORa 0.5 [0.4; 0.6]) and in 2014 (ORa 0.7 [0.6; 0.9]). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the inequality gap in gynecological visits and preventive services for breast and cervical cancer in Roma women has persisted during the years studied (2006 and 2014), despite Spanish prevention policies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Exame Ginecológico/estatística & dados numéricos , Mamografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Roma (Grupo Étnico)/psicologia , Roma (Grupo Étnico)/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Previsões , Exame Ginecológico/tendências , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Tobacco consumption is unequally distributed in society. The objective was to identify trends in tobacco use among the General and Spanish Roma populations in 2006 and 2014, years characterized by strengthening of anti-smoking policy in Spain. We calculated prevalences and logistical regression models based on the Spanish National Health Survey (2006/2012) and the National Health Survey of the Roma population (2006/2014). Smoking decreased only in men in the General population (OR 0.885). In the Roma population, there were no significant changes observed for the 2 years studied (OR: men 1.095, and women 1.147). In fact, Roma men smoke 4.2 cigarettes more, and they have a younger age of initial tobacco use. Smoking behavior of the Roma population has not changed, and there has been no reduction in inequalities in tobacco use among the two populations, despite public policies designed to reduce tobacco use in Spain.